Sodium Gluconate: A Comprehensive Analysis of Production, Chelation Mechanisms, and Key Industrial Applications
2025-11-07
1. Introduction: Sodium Gluconate as a Key Multifunctional Chelating Agent
Sodium Gluconate (SG), CAS Registry Number 527-07-1, is the sodium salt of D-gluconic acid. In the modern chemical industry, it has emerged as a highly strategic, multifunctional chemical. Its core industrial value stems from a unique combination of two critical properties: first, its efficacy as a high-performance chelating agent, especially in harsh, strongly alkaline environments; and second, its excellent ecological safety profile, including being non-toxic, non-corrosive, and readily biodegradable.
This unique value proposition places sodium gluconate in a favorable position driven by two market forces. On one hand, increasingly strict global environmental regulations (a regulatory push) are compelling industries to find alternatives to traditional chelating agents. For example, sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) is highly restricted due to its role in water eutrophication, while ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) is under scrutiny for its poor biodegradability and its potential to mobilize heavy metals in the environment. Sodium gluconate, as a "green," biodegradable alternative, perfectly fills this regulatory gap.
On the other hand, sodium gluconate demonstrates significant technical advantages (a technical pull). In many applications, such as industrial cleaning, rust removal, and water treatment, the operating environment is often strongly alkaline (pH 11-13). Under these conditions, the complexing ability of traditional chelants like EDTA drops sharply. In contrast, sodium gluconate's chelating power, particularly for ferric ions ($Fe(III)$), is dramatically enhanced, demonstrating superior performance.
Therefore, sodium gluconate is not merely an eco-friendly compromise but an ideal choice that combines technical superiority with ecological safety in critical industrial sectors. This report provides a comprehensive, professional analysis of sodium gluconate, examining its production processes, fundamental chemical mechanisms, key application sectors (covering construction, industrial cleaning, water treatment, and the food industry), and the global market landscape.
2. Physicochemical Properties and Regulatory Identity
An accurate understanding of a chemical's properties and safety regulations is fundamental to its industrial application.
2.1 Chemical and Physical Identifiers
The standardized identifiers and key physical properties of sodium gluconate are as follows:
Chemical Name: D-Gluconic acid, monosodium salt (Sodium D-gluconate)
CAS Number: 527-07-1
EC Number: 208-407-7
Molecular Formula:$C_6H_{11}NaO_7$
Molar Mass: 218.14 g/mol
Appearance: White crystalline powder
Solubility: Very soluble in water (59 g/100 mL at 25°C), slightly soluble in alcohol, insoluble in ether.
pH: A 10% aqueous solution has a pH range of 6.2 - 7.8.
2.2 Safety and Handling
According to data from the International Chemical Safety Card (ICSC) and Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS), the safety profile of sodium gluconate is summarized as follows:
Physical Hazards: The substance is combustible as a solid, but evaporation at 20°C is negligible. It is important to note that when dispersed as a powder in air, a harmful concentration can be reached relatively quickly, posing a dust inhalation risk. Open flames should be prohibited, and local exhaust ventilation should be employed.
Health Hazards: Sodium gluconate exhibits low acute toxicity. Short-term exposure may cause eye redness.
Compliance: Safety Data Sheets for the product must comply with relevant national standards, such as China's GB/T 16483-2008.
Sodium Gluconate: A Comprehensive Analysis of Production, Chelation Mechanisms, and Key Industrial Applications
2025-11-07
1. Introduction: Sodium Gluconate as a Key Multifunctional Chelating Agent
Sodium Gluconate (SG), CAS Registry Number 527-07-1, is the sodium salt of D-gluconic acid. In the modern chemical industry, it has emerged as a highly strategic, multifunctional chemical. Its core industrial value stems from a unique combination of two critical properties: first, its efficacy as a high-performance chelating agent, especially in harsh, strongly alkaline environments; and second, its excellent ecological safety profile, including being non-toxic, non-corrosive, and readily biodegradable.
This unique value proposition places sodium gluconate in a favorable position driven by two market forces. On one hand, increasingly strict global environmental regulations (a regulatory push) are compelling industries to find alternatives to traditional chelating agents. For example, sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) is highly restricted due to its role in water eutrophication, while ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) is under scrutiny for its poor biodegradability and its potential to mobilize heavy metals in the environment. Sodium gluconate, as a "green," biodegradable alternative, perfectly fills this regulatory gap.
On the other hand, sodium gluconate demonstrates significant technical advantages (a technical pull). In many applications, such as industrial cleaning, rust removal, and water treatment, the operating environment is often strongly alkaline (pH 11-13). Under these conditions, the complexing ability of traditional chelants like EDTA drops sharply. In contrast, sodium gluconate's chelating power, particularly for ferric ions ($Fe(III)$), is dramatically enhanced, demonstrating superior performance.
Therefore, sodium gluconate is not merely an eco-friendly compromise but an ideal choice that combines technical superiority with ecological safety in critical industrial sectors. This report provides a comprehensive, professional analysis of sodium gluconate, examining its production processes, fundamental chemical mechanisms, key application sectors (covering construction, industrial cleaning, water treatment, and the food industry), and the global market landscape.
2. Physicochemical Properties and Regulatory Identity
An accurate understanding of a chemical's properties and safety regulations is fundamental to its industrial application.
2.1 Chemical and Physical Identifiers
The standardized identifiers and key physical properties of sodium gluconate are as follows:
Chemical Name: D-Gluconic acid, monosodium salt (Sodium D-gluconate)
CAS Number: 527-07-1
EC Number: 208-407-7
Molecular Formula:$C_6H_{11}NaO_7$
Molar Mass: 218.14 g/mol
Appearance: White crystalline powder
Solubility: Very soluble in water (59 g/100 mL at 25°C), slightly soluble in alcohol, insoluble in ether.
pH: A 10% aqueous solution has a pH range of 6.2 - 7.8.
2.2 Safety and Handling
According to data from the International Chemical Safety Card (ICSC) and Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS), the safety profile of sodium gluconate is summarized as follows:
Physical Hazards: The substance is combustible as a solid, but evaporation at 20°C is negligible. It is important to note that when dispersed as a powder in air, a harmful concentration can be reached relatively quickly, posing a dust inhalation risk. Open flames should be prohibited, and local exhaust ventilation should be employed.
Health Hazards: Sodium gluconate exhibits low acute toxicity. Short-term exposure may cause eye redness.
Compliance: Safety Data Sheets for the product must comply with relevant national standards, such as China's GB/T 16483-2008.
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